Global Change Biology：农田塑料污染威胁长期粮食安全|研究

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浙江大学谷保静研究员团队及中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所刘宏斌研究员团队使用全球meta分析研究了地膜残留导致的农田塑料污染对长期粮食安全的影响。

来源：农业环境科学公号（2020年4月16日）

浙江大学谷保静研究员团队及中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所刘宏斌研究员团队使用全球meta分析研究了地膜残留导致的农田塑料污染对长期粮食安全的影响。相关成果发表于Global Change Biology（IF=8.88）。

Abstract

Plastic pollution is a global concern given its prevalence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have been conducted on the distribution and impact of plastic pollution in marine ecosystems, but little is known on terrestrial ecosystems. Plastic mulch has been widely used to increase crop yields worldwide, yet the impact of plastic residues in cropland soils to soil health and crop production in the long term remained unclear. In this paper, using a global meta‐analysis, we found that the use of plastic mulch can indeed increase crop yields on average by 25%–42% in the immediate season due to the increase of soil temperature (+8%) and moisture (+17%). However, the unabated accumulation of film residues in the field negatively impacts its physicochemical properties linked to healthy soil and threatens food production in the long term. It has multiple negative impacts on plant growth including crop yield (at the mean rate of −3% for every additional 100 kg/ha of film residue), plant height (−2%) and root weight (−5%), and soil properties including soil water evaporation capacity (−2%), soil water infiltration rate (−8%), soil organic matter (−0.8%) and soil available phosphorus (−5%) based on meta‐regression. Using a nationwide field survey of China, the largest user of plastic mulch worldwide, we found that plastic residue accumulation in cropland soils has reached 550,800 tonnes, with an estimated 6%–10% reduction in cotton yield in some polluted sites based on current level of plastic residue content. Immediate actions should be taken to ensure the recovery of plastic film mulch and limit further increase in film residue loading to maintain the sustainability of these croplands.

塑料污染是一个全球关注的问题，在水生和陆地生态系统中普遍存在。目前对海洋生态系统中塑料污染的分布和影响的研究较多，但对于陆地生态系统的相关研究较少。塑料地膜被广泛用于提高全球作物产量，但从长期来看，农田土壤中的塑料残留物对土壤健康和作物生产的影响仍不清楚。本文通过一项全球meta分析，发现由于土壤温度（+8%）和湿度（+17%）的增加，使用塑料地膜覆盖确实可以在当季使作物产量平均增加25%-42%。然而，田间残膜的持续积累对土壤理化性质产生了负面作用，对粮食生产有长期影响。Meta分析显示，残膜积累对植物生长有多方面负面影响，包括作物产量（每增加100 kg/ha残膜，平均-3%）、株高（−2%）和根质量（−5%），对土壤属性包括土壤水分蒸发量（−2%）、土壤水分下渗率（−8%）、土壤有机质（−0.8%）和土壤有效磷（−5%）也有负面影响。通过对全球最大的塑料地膜使用国中国的实地调查发现，中国耕地土壤中塑料残留累积已达55.08万t，根据目前的塑料残留含量水平，一些污染地区的棉花产量预计将减少6%-10%。应当立即采取行动确保塑料地膜回收，并限制残膜负荷的进一步增加，以维持农田的可持续性发展。

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